Free GPRS From airtel

Hi,
u need only a airtel sim in which there is balace low than one rupees and u have to activate 'Airtel live' setting as default which manual setting is also present on my website. Then go to the web adress- < wap.google.com > and search in this search engine and through this u can browse any thing of net. u need also not to activate mobile office. It works simply.

With best wishes...

GPRS setting

Setting for airtel live:-                                               

                                                Name - Airtel_live 

                                                Homepage - http://live.airtelworld.com  

                                                Username - Blank 

                                                 Password - Blank 

                                                 Proxy - Enabled/yes 

                                                 Proxy and Server Adress - 100.1.200.99 

                                                 Accespoint Name - airtelfun.com 

                                                 Proxy and Server Port - 8080 

                                                 Data bearer - GPRS/ Packet 

                                                 Data Authentication Type - Normal

                                                                                                                                                            GPRS setting for mobile office, airtel:-

                                                    Homepage - www.google.com 

                                                    User Name - Blank 

                                                    Password - Blank

                                                    Proxy - Enabled/yes. 

                                                    Proxy and Server Adress - 202.56.231.117 

                                                    Proxy and Server Port - 8080

                                                    Data bearer - GPRS or Packet Data

.                                                   Access Point Name - airtelgprs.com 

                                                    Authentication Type - Normal 

                                                    Use preferred access point - No

patna arising

On Friday, Patna City SP Anwar Hussain said an FIR had been lodged with the Gandhi Maidan police against a man called Rakesh Kumar and a few other persons whose identities are not yet known. A second FIR pertaining to rape has been filed at the Kotwali police station on the basis of the victim’s statement against Kumar and two other unidentified persons. Cops are raiding several places to arrest them.A third complaint was filed under the Immoral Traffic Act against the owner and the manager of the hotel, where the woman was staying. Both the owner and the manager were arrested on Hussain said the woman, a native of Dumka in Jharkhand, told police that Kumar had called her to Patna promising her a job. He said the victim had been sent for medical tests. “The results of the tests are yet to come,” he added. In the Assembly, the Opposition alluded the molestation in full public view to Draupadi’s ‘chirharan’. Opposition members trooped into the well carrying newspaper clippings and placards and chanted ‘Mahila utpiran band karo’, ‘Chirharan band karo’, ‘Mahila ko suraksha do’ etc. The House proceedings were stalled several times as the Opposition sought an adjournment motion over what they described as a “shameful happening”. The state Legislative Council, too, witnessed uproarious scenes. Congress MLC Mahachandra Prasad Singh moved an adjournment motion which acting council chairman Arun Kumar rejected. Kumar said the government will reply on Monday. Several RJD members, including Ghulam Gaus and Nawal K Yadav, slammed police for not taking action. “It reminded us of Draupadi’s ‘chirharan’,” Gaus said. Water resources minister Bijendra Prasad Yadav informed the state legislative council that a police inquiry into the incident was on. The disrobing incident has put CM Nitish Kumar on the back foot. In the House, he had to hear Opposition jibes like ‘sushashan nahi, ye Dushashan hai, chir haran ka sashan hai’. Nitish described the stripping of the woman in public view as a ‘slur on a civilized society’. He said, “The moment I came to know about it, I asked police to take stern action. The mobile police van should have been at the spot in 10 minutes. But it didn’t happen.” He said action has been initiated against the guilty cops. He added that two policemen in mufti saved the woman

Patna:- Arising

Hi, As we all have seen in news that how a lady was being tried to be harrassed on 22nd july the day when Sun eclipse was seen. Too much people was also gathered and only saw those but after that incidant all patna has united and have arised voices against these type of incidence. This is a good sign telling that patna is arising. Whether the people was really enjoying or media has described that in improper way i am not sure but i think that now in coming days these kind of happening can never hapen as from news papers to fm stations has arised the voice against these kind of happenings. These would certainly prevent forthcoming these kind of happenings, acts. Government has also stapped on such kind of act. This is a good thing as here there was lack of things in past as perhaps government (previous) was not taking any kind of action in these kind situation. They was also perhaps not knowing such kind of happening, nothing was balanced and under control.

Orissa jee

Hi, As we all know about orissa jee. This is the board which is the state board of orissa. jee 2009 has been conducted and the counselling process is running. there are nearly 195000 seats this year. But do u know that in private colleges of orissa seats are also filled on AIEEE rank. This is also the thing to be kept in mind as one can get better options on AIEEE than orissa jee rank. Best wishes for ur future..............

silver

Silver Although silver was found freely in nature, its occurrence was rare. Silver is the most chemically active of the noble metals, is harder than gold but softer than copper. It ranks second in ductility and malleability to gold. It is normally stable in pure air and water but tarnishes when exposed to ozone, hydrogen sulfide or sulfur. Due to its softness, pure silver was used for ornaments, jewelry and as a measure of wealth. In a manner similar to gold, native silver can easily be formed. Silver's symbol is Ag from the latin argentum. Galena always contains a small amount of silver and it was found that if the lead was oxidized into a powdery ash a droplet of silver was left behind. Another development in this process was the discovery that if bone ash was added to the lead oxide, the lead oxide would be adsorbed and a large amount of material could be processed. By 2500 BC the cupellation process was the normal mode of silver manufacture. Tin Smelted copper was rarely pure, in fact, it is clear that by 2500 BC the Sumerians had recognized that if different ores were blended together in the smelting process, a different type of copper, which flowed more easily, was stronger after forming and was easy to cast, could be made. An axe head from 2500 BC revealed that it contained 11% tin and 89% copper. This was of course the discovery of @b(Bronze). However, by 2000 BC copper implements contained very little tin as local reserves of tin had been exhausted. The Sumerians were forced to travel to find the necessary ores. Bronze was a much more useful alloy than copper as farm implements and weapons could be made from it, however, it needed the discovery of tin to become the alloy of choice. Native Tin is not found in nature. The first tin artifacts date back to 2000 B.C., however, it was not until 1800 B.C. that tin smelting became common in western Asia. Tin was reduced by charcoal and at first was thought to be a form of lead. The Romans referred to both tin and lead as plumbum where lead was plumbum nigrum and tin was plumbum candidum. Tin was rarely used on its own and was most commonly alloyed to copper to form bronze. The most common form of tin ore is the oxide casserite. By 1400 BC. bronze was the predominant metal alloy. Tin's symbol is Sn from the stannum. Tin is highly malleable and ductile and has two allotropic forms which lead to tin initially having its own disease (tin pest or blight) which was actually formation of alpha-tin below 13 C. As alpha-tin is a highly friable cubic structure with a greater specific volume than beta-tin, during the phase change, which is kinetically limited, nodules of alpha-tin become visible on the surface of beta-tin giving rise to early belief of sickness and the first true doctors of metallurgy. Tin is highly crystalline and during deformation is subject to mechanical twinning and an audible tin cry. Tin is also quite resistant to corrosion. Tin is found as vein tin or stream tin. The tin ore is stannic oxide and is generally found with quartz, feldspar or mica. The ore is a hard , heavy and inert substance and is generally found as outcroppings as softer impurities are washed away. Mercury Mercury was also known to the ancients and has been found in tombs dating back to 1500 and 1600 BC. Pliny, the Roman chronicler, outlined purification techniques by squeezing it through leather and also noted that it was poisonous. Mercury, also known as quicksilver, is the only metal which is liquid at room temperature. Although it can be found in its native state, it is more commonly found in such ores as calomel, livingstonite, corderite and its sulfide cinnabar. Extraction is most simply carried out by distillation as mercury compounds decompose at moderate temperatures and volatilize. Mercury was widely used because of its ability to dissolve silver and gold (amalgamation) and was the basis of many plating technologies. There is also indications that it was prized and perhaps worshipped by the Egyptians. In 315 B.C., Dioscorides mentions recovery of quicksilver (which he called hydrargyros, liquid silver) by distillation, stating " An iron bowl containing cinnabar is put into an earthenware container and sealed with clay. It is then set on a fire and the soot which sticks to the cover is quicksilver". Methods changed little until the 18th century. Mercury's symbol is Hg from hydragyrum, liquid silver. Iron Iron was available to the ancients in small amounts from meteors. This native iron is easily distinguishable because it contains 6-8% nickel. There is some indication that man-made iron was available as early as 2500 B.C., however, ironmaking did not become an everyday process until 1200 BC. Hematite, an oxide of iron, was widely used by the ancients for beads and ornaments. It is also readily reduced by carbon. However, if reduced at temperatures below 700-800 C it is not suitable for forging and must be produced at temperatures above 1100 C. Wrought iron was the first form of iron known to man. The product of reaction was a spongy mass of iron intermixed with slag. This was then reheated and hammered to expel the slag and then forged into the desired shape. In the early days iron was 5 times more expensive then gold and its first uses were as ornaments. Iron weapons revolutionized warfare and iron implements did the same for farming. Iron and steel was the building block for civilization. Interestingly, an iron pillar dating to 400 A.D., remains standing today in Delhi, India. Corrosion to the pillar has been minimal a skill lost to current ironworkers. Iron is rarely found in its native state the only known sources being Greenland where the iron occurs as nodules in basalt that erupted through beds of coal and two very rare nickel-iron alloys. Iron's symbol is Fe from the latin ferrum. These seven metals: gold, silver, copper, lead, tin, mercury and iron, and the alloys bronze and electrum were the starting point of metallurgy and even in this simple, historic account we find some of the basic problems of process metallurgy. The problems are: The ores must be found, separated and sized before use. The ores must be reacted under a controlled temperature and gas atmosphere. The liquid metal must be collected and cast into a desired shape. The metal must be worked to achieve desired final properties and shape.

Lead

Lead is not found free in nature but Galena (lead sulfide) was used as an eye paint by the ancient Egyptians. Galena has a very metallic looking appearance and was, therefore, likely to attract the attention of early metalworkers. The production of metallic lead from its ore is relatively easy and could have been produced by reduction of Galena in a camp fire. The melting point of lead is 327 C, therefore, it would easily flow to the lowest point in the fireplace and collect. At first lead was not used widely because it was too ductile and the first uses of lead were around 3500 B.C.. Lead's use as a container and conduit was important and lead pipes bearing the insignia of Roman emperors can still be found. Lead is highly malleable, ductile and noncorrosive making it an excellent piping material. Its symbol is Pb from the latin plumbum. The ability of lead to flow and collect at the bottom of the campfire is an important concept in process metallurgy as reduction reactions to be useful must cause a phase separation between the metal and the gangue. Also, the phase separation should also enable the metal to be cast into a desired shape once concentrated

Copper

The use of copper in antiquity is of more significance than gold as the first tools, implements and weapons were made from copper. From 4,000 to 6,000 BC was the Chalcolithic period which was when copper came into common use. The symbol for copper is Cu and comes from the latin cuprum meaning from the island of Cyprus. Initially copper was chipped into small pieces from the main mass. The small pieces were hammered and ground in a manner similar to the techniques used for bones and stones. However, when copper was hammered it became brittle and would easily break. The solution to this problem was to anneal the copper. This discovery was probably made when pieces were dropped in camp fires and then hammered. By 5,000 BC copper sheet was being made. By 3600 BC the first copper smelted artifacts were found in the Nile valley and copper rings, bracelets, chisels were found. By 3000 BC weapons, tools etc. were widely found. Tools and weapons of utilitarian value were now within society, however, only kings and royalty had such tools; it would take another 500 years before they reached the peasants. Malachite, a green friable stone, was the source of copper in the early smelters. Originally it was thought that the smelting of copper was by chance dropping of malachite into campfires. However, campfire temperatures are normally in the region of 600-650 C, whereas, 700-800 C is necessary for reduction. It is more probable that early copper smelting was discovered by ancient potters whose clay firing furnaces could reach temperatures of 1100-1200 C. If Malachite was added to these furnaces copper nodules would easily be found. Although the first smelted copper was found in the Nile valley, it is thought that this copper was brought to Egypt by the Gerzeans and copper smelting was produced first in Western Asia between 4000 and 4300 BC. Although copper can be found free in nature the most important sources are the minerals cuprite, malachite, azurite, chalcopyrite and bornite. Copper is reddish colored, malleable, ductile and a good conductor of heat and electricity. Approximately 90% 0f the worlds primary copper originates in sulfide ores.

Gold

Gold articles are found extensively in antiquity mainly as jewelry e.g. Bracelets, rings etc. Early gold artifacts are rarely pure and most contain significant silver contents. This led to the ancients naming another metal - electrum, which was an alloy of gold and silver, pale yellow and similar in color to amber. Therefore, early gold varied from pure through electrum to white gold. The symbol for gold is Au from the latin aurum meaning shining dawn. Stone age man learned to fashion gold into jewelry and ornaments, learning that it could be formed into sheets and wires easily. However, its malleability, which allows it to be formed into very thin sheet (0.000005 inches), ensures that it has no utilitarian value and early uses were only decorative. As gold is a noble metal, being virtually noncorrosive and tarnish free, it served this purpose admirably. Gold is widely dispersed through the earth's crust and is found in two types of deposits : lode deposits, which are found in solid rock and are mined using conventional mining techniques, and placer deposits which are gravelly deposits found in stream beds and are the products of eroding lode deposits. Since gold is found uncombined in nature, early goldsmiths would collect small nuggets of gold from stream beds etc., and then weld them together by hammering. Thus we find the first problem in process metallurgy : The metal deposit must be identified. In the case of the first metals color was the most important factor as it allowed the metal to be recognized in surrounding rock, stones, gravel and dirt (gangue) and separated. Clearly, after recognition, separation is next problem followed by concentration. These three steps are very important and the economics of these steps usually define whether it is viable to produce the metal from a set deposit. In the early days all three steps were carried out simultaneously. Gold is widely dispersed throughout the earths crust (0.005 ppm) at a very small level, therefore, it is very important to find naturally occurring concentrations. The scarcity of gold and its value, due to mankinds fascination with its color, have lead to gold being the one of the more important metals in daily life

Metals

Process Metallurgy is one of the oldest applied sciences. Its history can be traced back to 6000 BC. Admittedly, its form at that time was rudimentary, but, to gain a perspective in Process Metallurgy, it is worthwhile to spend a little time studying the initiation of mankind's association with metals. Currently there are 86 known metals. Before the 19th century only 24 of these metals had been discovered and, of these 24 metals, 12 were discovered in the 18th century. Therefore, from the discovery of the first metals - gold and copper until the end of the 17th century, some 7700 years, only 12 metals were known. Four of these metals, arsenic, antimony , zinc and bismuth , were discovered in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, while platinum was discovered in the 16th century. The other seven metals, known as the Metals of Antiquity, were the metals upon which civilisation was based. These seven metals were: (1) Gold (ca) 6000BC (2) Copper,(ca) 4200BC (3) Silver,(ca) 4000BC (4) Lead, (ca) 3500BC (5) Tin, (ca) 1750BC (6) Iron,smelted, (ca) 1500BC (7) Mercury, (ca) 750BC These metals were known to the Mesopotamians, Egyptians, Greeks and the Romans. Of the seven metals, five can be found in their native states, e.g., gold, silver, copper, iron (from meteors) and mercury. However, the occurrence of these metals was not abundant and the first two metals to be used widely were gold and copper. And, of course, the history of metals is closely linked to that of coins and gemstones

Exploring X-ray

Hi, The very first X ray device was discovered accidentally by the Germanscientist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845-1923) in 1895. He found that a cathode-ray tube emitted certain invisible rays that could penetrate paper and wood and, the first person in the world to see through human flesh, even saw a perfectly clear outline of the bones in his own hand. Röntgen studied these new rays--which he called x rays--for several weeks before publishing his findings in December of 1895. For his great discovery, he was given the honorarytitle of Doctor of Medicine and awarded the 1901 Nobel Prize for physics. Adamant his discovery was free for the benefit of humankind, Röntgen refused to patent it. X rays are waves of electromagnetic energy which behave in much the same way as light rays, but at wavelengths approximately 1000 times shorter than the wavelength of light. X rays can pass uninterrupted through low-densitysubstances such as tissue, whereas higher-density targets reflect or absorb the X rays because there is less space between the atoms for the short waves to pass through. Thus, an x ray image shows dark areas where the rays traveledcompletely through the target (such as with flesh) and light areas where therays were blocked by dense material (such as bone). Following the discoveryof x rays in 1895, this scientific wonder was seized upon by sideshow entertainers who allowed patrons to view their own skeletons and gave them picturesof their own bony hands wearing silhouetted jewelry. The most important application of the x ray, however, was in medicine, an importance recognized almost immediately after Röntgen's findings were published. Within weeks of its first demonstration, an x ray machine was used inAmerica to diagnose bone fractures. Thomas Alva Edison invented an x-ray fluoroscope in 1896, which was used by American physiologist Walter Cannon (1871-1945) to observe the movement of barium sulfate through the digestive systemof animals and, eventually, humans. In 1913 the first x-ray tube designed specifically for medical purposes was developed by American chemist William Coolidge. X rays have since become the most reliable method for internal diagnosis. At the same time, a new science was being founded on the principles introduced by German physicist Max von Laue (1879-1960), who theorized that crystals could be to x rays what diffraction gratings were to visible light. He conducted experiments in which the interference pattern of x rays passing through acrystal were examined; these patterns revealed a great deal about the internal structure of the crystal. William Henry Bragg and his son William LawrenceBragg took this field even farther, developing a system of mathematics that could be used to interpret the interference patterns. This method, known as x-ray crystallography, allowed scientists to study the structures of crystals with unsurpassed precision and is an important tool for scientists, particularly those striving to synthesize chemicals. By analyzing the information within a crystal's interference pattern, enough can be learned about that substance to create it artificially in a laboratory, and in large quantities. This technique was used to isolate the molecular structures of penicillin, insulin,and DNA. Modern medical x-ray machines are grouped into two categories: "hard" or "soft" x rays. Soft x rays, which operate at a relatively low frequency, are usedto image bones and internal organs and, unless repeated excessively, cause little tissue damage. Hard x rays, very high frequencies designed to destroy molecules within specific cells thus destroying tissue, are used in radiotherapy, particularly in the treatment of cancer. The high voltage necessary to generate hard x rays is usually produced using cyclotrons or synchrotrons (variations of particle accelerators, or atom smashers). In 1996, Amorphous silicon x-ray detectors were introduced which produce real-time, high resolution images by converting x-rays into light, the light into electrical signals which are interpreted by a computer, which produces digital data displayed as digital images, which can be enlarged to target aspecific area. Images are filmless and instantly available, formatted for electronic storage and/or transmission. First applied to mammography, this technology reduces radiation, cost of film and storage, and can be used in industrial applications. Also in 1996, researchers at NASA's Marshall Space FlightCenter developed the high resolution or high brilliance x ray which generates beams 100 times more intense than conventional x rays. These beams can be controlled and focused by reflecting them through tens of thousands of tiny curved capillaries, much as light is directed through fiberoptics.NASA is using this instrument to define the atomic structure of proteins foruse as blueprints in designing drugs. It may also initiate smaller, less expensive, and safer x-ray sources. A familiar use for x rays is the security scanner for examining baggage at airports, while a new application for the Advanced Photon Source (APS)--the worlds largest x-ray device valued at $800 million--is in archaeology. The University of Chicago plans to utilize the machine--designed to provide biologists, chemists, physicists, and materials scientists with information into molecular structures--to analyze ancient tools. Not only harmless to these ancientartifacts, it is 10,000,000 times more accurate than other methods of determining chemical content. Meanwhile, the timber industry hopes to save millionsof dollars with new technology known as the Glass Log Technique developed at Monash University in Australia.